Karolo ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tlatsetso ho alloy ea aluminium

Silicon (Si)
Silicon (Si) ke motsoako o ka sehloohong oa ho ntlafatsa metsi. Mokelikeli o motle ka ho fetisisa o ka finyelloa ho tloha ho eutectic ho ea ho hypereutectic. Leha ho le joalo, silicon (Si) e khanyang e atisa ho theha lintlha tse thata, e leng ho etsang hore ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha e mpe le ho feta. Ka hona, ka kakaretso ha ea lumelloa ho feta ntlha ea eutectic. Ntle le moo, silicon (Si) e ka ntlafatsa matla a ho tsitsa, ho thatafala, ho itšeha, le matla a mocheso o phahameng ha e ntse e fokotsa bolelele.
Magnesium (Mg) Aluminium-magnesium alloy e na le khanyetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea kutu. Ka hona, ADC5 le ADC6 ke li-alloys tse hanang ho bola. Sebaka sa eona sa ho tiisa se seholo haholo, kahoo se na le brittleness e chesang, 'me li-castings li atisa ho phunyeha, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho lahlela. Magnesium (Mg) e le litšila ka lisebelisoa tsa AL-Cu-Si, Mg2Si e tla etsa hore ho be le brittle ea ho lahla, kahoo maemo a tloaelehileng a ka hare ho 0.3%.

Tšepe (Fe) Le hoja tšepe (Fe) e ka eketsa haholo mocheso oa recrystallization oa zinki (Zn) le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea recrystallization, ka ho qhibiliha ha tšepe, tšepe (Fe) e tsoa ho li-crucibles tsa tšepe, li-tubes tsa gooseneck le lisebelisoa tse qhibilihisang. e qhibiliha ka zinki (Zn). Tšepe (Fe) e tsamaisoang ke aluminium (Al) e nyenyane haholo, 'me ha tšepe (Fe) e feta moeli oa ho qhibiliha, e tla khanya joaloka FeAl3. Litšitiso tse bakoang ke Fe hangata li hlahisa slag le ho phaphamala joalo ka metsoako ea FeAl3. The casting e fetoha brittle, 'me machinability ea senyeha. Mokelikeli oa tšepe o ama boreleli ba bokaholimo ba ho lahla.
Litšila tsa tšepe (Fe) li tla hlahisa likristale tse kang nale tsa FeAl3. Kaha li-die-casting li pholile ka potlako, likristale tse omeletseng li ntle haholo 'me li ke ke tsa nkoa e le likarolo tse kotsi. Haeba litaba li le ka tlase ho 0.7%, ha ho bonolo ho li theola, kahoo tšepe ea 0.8-1.0% e molemo bakeng sa ho lahleheloa ke lefu. Haeba ho na le tšepe e ngata (Fe), metsoako ea tšepe e tla thehoa, e etsa lintlha tse thata. Ho feta moo, ha dikahare tsa tšepe (Fe) li feta 1.2%, li tla fokotsa metsi a motsoako, li senye boleng ba ho lahla, 'me li khutsufatse bophelo ba likarolo tsa tšepe ka thepa ea ho bolaea.

Nickel (Ni) Joaloka koporo (Cu), ho na le tšekamelo ea ho eketsa matla a thata le ho thatafala, 'me e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho hanyetsa ho bola. Ka linako tse ling, nickel (Ni) e eketsoa ho ntlafatsa matla a mocheso o phahameng le ho hanyetsa mocheso, empa e na le tšusumetso e mpe ho hanyetsa ho bola le ho tsamaisa mocheso.

Manganese (Mn) E ka ntlafatsa matla a mocheso o phahameng oa li-alloys tse nang le koporo (Cu) le silicon (Si). Haeba e feta moeli o itseng, ho bonolo ho hlahisa Al-Si-Fe-P + o {T * T f; X Mn metsoako ea quaternary, e ka etsang habonolo lintlha tse thata le ho fokotsa mocheso oa mocheso. Manganese (Mn) e ka thibela ts'ebetso ea recrystallization ea li-alloys tsa aluminium, ea eketsa mocheso oa recrystallization, 'me ea ntlafatsa haholo lijo-thollo tsa recrystallization. Ntlafatso ea lithollo tsa recrystallization e haholoholo ka lebaka la tšitiso ea likaroloana tsa motsoako oa MnAl6 kholong ea lithollo tsa recrystallization. Mosebetsi o mong oa MnAl6 ke ho qhaqha tšepe e sa hloekang (Fe) ho theha (Fe, Mn) Al6 le ho fokotsa liphello tse kotsi tsa tšepe. Manganese (Mn) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea li-alloys tsa aluminium 'me e ka eketsoa e le al-Mn binary alloy e ikemetseng kapa hammoho le likarolo tse ling tsa motsoako. Ka hona, li-alloys tse ngata tsa aluminium li na le manganese (Mn).

Zinki (Zn)
Haeba zinki e sa hloekang (Zn) e le teng, e tla bontša brittleness e phahameng ea mocheso. Leha ho le joalo, ha e kopantsoe le mercury (Hg) ho theha li-alloys tse matla tsa HgZn2, e hlahisa phello e matla e matlafatsang. JIS e bolela hore dikahare tsa zinki e sa hlwekang (Zn) di lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 1.0%, athe maemo a kantle ho naha a ka dumella ho fihla ho 3%. Puisano ena ha e bue ka zinc (Zn) e le motsoako oa motsoako empa ho e-na le hoo karolo ea eona e le litšila tse atisang ho baka mapetsong a li-castings.

Chromium (Cr)
Chromium (Cr) e etsa metsoako ea intermetallic e kang (CrFe) Al7 le (CrMn) Al12 ka aluminium, e thibelang nucleation le kholo ea recrystallization le ho fana ka liphello tse ling tse matlafatsang ho alloy. E ka boela ea ntlafatsa ho tiea ha motsoako le ho fokotsa kutlo ea khatello ea maikutlo. Leha ho le joalo, e ka eketsa kutloisiso ea 'mele.

Titanium (Ti)
Esita le tekanyo e nyenyane ea titanium (Ti) e ka har'a motsoako e ka ntlafatsa thepa ea eona ea mochine, empa e ka boela ea fokotsa motlakase oa eona. Likahare tsa bohlokoa tsa titanium (Ti) ho li-alloys tsa letoto la Al-Ti bakeng sa ho thatafatsa pula ke hoo e ka bang 0.15%, 'me boteng ba eona bo ka fokotsoa ka ho eketsoa ha boron.

Lead (Pb), Tin (Sn), le Cadmium (Cd)
Calcium (Ca), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), le litšila tse ling li ka ’na tsa e-ba teng ka metsoakong ea aluminium. Kaha likarolo tsena li na le lintlha tse fapaneng tsa ho qhibiliha le mehaho, li etsa metsoako e fapaneng ka aluminium (Al), e bakang liphello tse sa tšoaneng ho thepa ea li-alloys tsa aluminium. Calcium (Ca) e na le solubility e tlase haholo e tiileng ka har'a aluminium mme e etsa metsoako ea CaAl4 e nang le aluminium (Al), e ka ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea ho seha ha li-alloys tsa aluminium. Loto (Pb) le tin (Sn) ke litšepe tse tlase-tlase tse nang le solubility e tlase e tiileng ka aluminium (Al), e ka theolang matla a alloy empa ea ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho seha.

Ho eketsa dikahare tsa lead (Pb) ho ka fokotsa ho thatafala ha zinki (Zn) le ho eketsa ho qhibiliha ha eona. Leha ho le joalo, haeba leha e le efe ea loto (Pb), tin (Sn), kapa cadmium (Cd) e feta chelete e boletsoeng ka aluminium: alloy ea zinc, corrosion e ka etsahala. Ho bola hona ha hoa tloaeleha, ho etsahala ka mor'a nako e itseng, 'me ho bonahala ka ho khetheha tlas'a maemo a leholimo a mocheso o phahameng, a mongobo o phahameng.